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Saṁyutta Nikāya 42.12 Linked Discourses 42.12

1. Gāmaṇivagga 1. Chiefs

Rāsiyasutta With Rāsiya

Atha kho rāsiyo gāmaṇi yena bhagavā tenupasaį¹…kami; upasaį¹…kamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisÄ«di. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho rāsiyo gāmaṇi bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: Then Rāsiya the chief went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him:

ā€œsutaṁ metaṁ, bhante, ā€˜samaṇo gotamo sabbaṁ tapaṁ garahati, sabbaṁ tapassiṁ lÅ«khajÄ«viṁ ekaṁsena upavadati upakkosatī’ti. ā€œSir, I have heard this: ā€˜The ascetic Gotama criticizes all forms of mortification. He categorically condemns and denounces those fervent mortifiers who live rough.’

Ye te, bhante, evamāhaṁsu: ā€˜samaṇo gotamo sabbaṁ tapaṁ garahati, sabbaṁ tapassiṁ lÅ«khajÄ«viṁ ekaṁsena upavadati upakkosatī’ti, kacci te, bhante, bhagavato vuttavādino, na ca bhagavantaṁ abhÅ«tena abbhācikkhanti, dhammassa cānudhammaṁ byākaronti, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānuvādo gārayhaṁ į¹­hānaṁ āgacchatÄ«ā€ti? Do those who say this repeat what the Buddha has said, and not misrepresent him with an untruth? Is their explanation in line with the teaching? Are there any legitimate grounds for rebuttal and criticism?ā€

ā€œYe te, gāmaṇi, evamāhaṁsu: ā€˜samaṇo gotamo sabbaṁ tapaṁ garahati, sabbaṁ tapassiṁ lÅ«khajÄ«viṁ ekaṁsena upavadati upakkosatī’ti, na me te vuttavādino, abbhācikkhanti ca pana maṁ te asatā tucchā abhÅ«tena. ā€œChief, those who say this do not repeat what I have said. They misrepresent me with what is false, hollow, and untrue.

Dveme, gāmaṇi, antā pabbajitena na sevitabbā—These two extremes should not be cultivated by one who has gone forth.

yo cāyaṁ kāmesu kāmasukhallikānuyogo hīno gammo pothujjaniko anariyo anatthasaṁhito, yo cāyaṁ attakilamathānuyogo dukkho anariyo anatthasaṁhito. Indulgence in sensual pleasures, which is low, crude, ordinary, ignoble, and pointless. And indulgence in self-mortification, which is painful, ignoble, and pointless.

Ete te, gāmaṇi, ubho ante anupagamma majjhimā paį¹­ipadā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā—cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiƱƱāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati. Avoiding these two extremes, the Realized One understood the middle way of practice, which gives vision and knowledge, and leads to peace, direct knowledge, awakening, and extinguishment.

Katamā ca sā, gāmaṇi, majjhimā paį¹­ipadā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā—cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiƱƱāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati? And what is that middle way of practice?

Ayameva ariyo aį¹­į¹­haį¹…giko maggo, seyyathidaṁ—It is simply this noble eightfold path, that is:

sammādiį¹­į¹­hi …pe… sammāsamādhi. right view, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right immersion.

Ayaṁ kho sā, gāmaṇi, majjhimā paį¹­ipadā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā—cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiƱƱāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati. This, chief, is the middle way of practice that was understood by the Realized One, which gives vision and knowledge, and leads to peace, direct knowledge, awakening, and extinguishment.

Tayo kho me, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogino santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmiṁ. There are these three kinds of pleasure seekers in the world.

Katame tayo? What three?

Idha, gāmaṇi, ekacco kāmabhogÄ« adhammena bhoge pariyesati, sāhasena adhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasena na attānaṁ sukheti na pīṇeti na saṁvibhajati na puƱƱāni karoti. Take a pleasure seeker who seeks wealth using illegitimate, coercive means, and who doesn’t make themselves happy and pleased, or share it and make merit.

Idha pana, gāmaṇi, ekacco kāmabhogÄ« adhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasena. Next, a pleasure seeker seeks wealth using illegitimate, coercive means.

Adhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasena attānaṁ sukheti pīṇeti, na saṁvibhajati na puƱƱāni karoti. They make themselves happy and pleased, but don’t share it and make merit.

Idha pana, gāmaṇi, ekacco kāmabhogÄ« adhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasena. Next, a pleasure seeker seeks wealth using illegitimate, coercive means.

Adhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasena attānaṁ sukheti pīṇeti saṁvibhajati puƱƱāni karoti. They make themselves happy and pleased, and they share it and make merit.

Idha pana, gāmaṇi, ekacco kāmabhogÄ« dhammādhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasenapi asāhasenapi. Next, a pleasure seeker seeks wealth using means both legitimate and illegitimate, and coercive and non-coercive.

Dhammādhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasenapi asāhasenapi na attānaṁ sukheti, na pīṇeti, na saṁvibhajati, na puƱƱāni karoti. They don’t make themselves happy and pleased, or share it and make merit.

Idha pana, gāmaṇi, ekacco kāmabhogÄ« dhammādhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasenapi asāhasenapi. Next, a pleasure seeker seeks wealth using means both legitimate and illegitimate, and coercive and non-coercive.

Dhammādhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasenapi asāhasenapi attānaṁ sukheti pīṇeti, na saṁvibhajati, na puƱƱāni karoti. They don’t make themselves happy and pleased, or share it and make merit.

Idha pana, gāmaṇi, ekacco kāmabhogÄ« dhammādhammena bhoge pariyesati, sāhasenapi asāhasenapi. Next, a pleasure seeker seeks wealth using means both legitimate and illegitimate, and coercive and non-coercive.

Dhammādhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasenapi asāhasenapi attānaṁ sukheti pīṇeti saṁvibhajati puƱƱāni karoti. They make themselves happy and pleased, and they share it and make merit.

Idha pana, gāmaṇi, ekacco kāmabhogÄ« dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasena. Next, a pleasure seeker seeks wealth using legitimate, non-coercive means.

Dhammena bhoge pariyesitvā asāhasena na attānaṁ sukheti, na pīṇeti, na saṁvibhajati, na puƱƱāni karoti. They don’t make themselves happy and pleased, or share it and make merit.

Idha pana, gāmaṇi, ekacco kāmabhogÄ« dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasena. Next, a pleasure seeker seeks wealth using legitimate, non-coercive means.

Dhammena bhoge pariyesitvā asāhasena attānaṁ sukheti pīṇeti, na saṁvibhajati, na puƱƱāni karoti. They make themselves happy and pleased, but don’t share it and make merit.

Idha pana, gāmaṇi, ekacco kāmabhogÄ« dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasena. Next, a pleasure seeker seeks wealth using legitimate, non-coercive means.

Dhammena bhoge pariyesitvā asāhasena attānaṁ sukheti pīṇeti saṁvibhajati puƱƱāni karoti. They make themselves happy and pleased, and they share it and make merit.

Te ca bhoge gadhito mucchito ajjhopanno anādÄ«navadassāvÄ« anissaraṇapaƱƱo paribhuƱjati. They enjoy that wealth tied, infatuated, attached, blind to the drawbacks, and not understanding the escape.

Idha pana, gāmaṇi, ekacco kāmabhogÄ« dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasena. Next, a pleasure seeker seeks wealth using legitimate, non-coercive means.

Dhammena bhoge pariyesitvā asāhasena attānaṁ sukheti pīṇeti saṁvibhajati puƱƱāni karoti. They make themselves happy and pleased, and they share it and make merit.

Te ca bhoge agadhito amucchito anajjhopanno ādÄ«navadassāvÄ« nissaraṇapaƱƱo paribhuƱjati. And they enjoy that wealth untied, uninfatuated, unattached, seeing the drawbacks, and understanding the escape.

Tatra, gāmaṇi, yvāyaṁ kāmabhogÄ« adhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasena, adhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasena na attānaṁ sukheti, na pīṇeti, na saṁvibhajati, na puƱƱāni karoti. Now, consider the pleasure seeker who seeks wealth using illegitimate, coercive means, and who doesn’t make themselves happy and pleased, or share it and make merit.

Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogÄ« tÄ«hi į¹­hānehi gārayho. They may be criticized on three grounds.

Katamehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayho? What three?

Adhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasenāti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena gārayho. They seek wealth using illegitimate, coercive means. This is the first ground for criticism.

Na attānaṁ sukheti na pīṇetÄ«ti, iminā dutiyena į¹­hānena gārayho. They don’t make themselves happy and pleased. This is the second ground for criticism.

Na saṁvibhajati, na puƱƱāni karotÄ«ti, iminā tatiyena į¹­hānena gārayho. They don’t share it and make merit. This is the third ground for criticism.

Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogÄ« imehi tÄ«hi į¹­hānehi gārayho. This pleasure seeker may be criticized on these three grounds.

Tatra, gāmaṇi, yvāyaṁ kāmabhogÄ« adhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasena, adhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasena attānaṁ sukheti pīṇeti, na saṁvibhajati, na puƱƱāni karoti. Now, consider the pleasure seeker who seeks wealth using illegitimate, coercive means, and who makes themselves happy and pleased, but doesn’t share it and make merit.

Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogÄ« dvÄ«hi į¹­hānehi gārayho, ekena į¹­hānena pāsaṁso. This pleasure seeker may be criticized on two grounds, and praised on one.

Katamehi dvīhi ṭhānehi gārayho? What are the two grounds for criticism?

Adhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasenāti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena gārayho. They seek wealth using illegitimate, coercive means. This is the first ground for criticism.

Na saṁvibhajati, na puƱƱāni karotÄ«ti, iminā dutiyena į¹­hānena gārayho. They don’t share it and make merit. This is the second ground for criticism.

Katamena ekena ṭhānena pāsaṁso? What is the one ground for praise?

Attānaṁ sukheti pīṇetÄ«ti, iminā ekena į¹­hānena pāsaṁso. They make themselves happy and pleased. This is the one ground for praise.

Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogÄ« imehi dvÄ«hi į¹­hānehi gārayho, iminā ekena į¹­hānena pāsaṁso. This pleasure seeker may be criticized on these two grounds, and praised on this one.

Tatra, gāmaṇi, yvāyaṁ kāmabhogÄ« adhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasena, adhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasena attānaṁ sukheti pīṇeti saṁvibhajati puƱƱāni karoti. Now, consider the pleasure seeker who seeks wealth using illegitimate, coercive means, and who makes themselves happy and pleased, and shares it and makes merit.

Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogÄ« ekena į¹­hānena gārayho, dvÄ«hi į¹­hānehi pāsaṁso. This pleasure seeker may be criticized on one ground, and praised on two.

Katamena ekena ṭhānena gārayho? What is the one ground for criticism?

Adhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasenāti, iminā ekena ṭhānena gārayho. They seek wealth using illegitimate, coercive means. This is the one ground for criticism.

Katamehi dvīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṁso? What are the two grounds for praise?

Attānaṁ sukheti pīṇetÄ«ti, iminā paį¹­hamena į¹­hānena pāsaṁso. They make themselves happy and pleased. This is the first ground for praise.

Saṁvibhajati puññāni karotīti, iminā dutiyena ṭhānena pāsaṁso. They share it and make merit. This is the second ground for praise.

Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogÄ«, iminā ekena į¹­hānena gārayho, imehi dvÄ«hi į¹­hānehi pāsaṁso. This pleasure seeker may be criticized on this one ground, and praised on these two.

Tatra, gāmaṇi, yvāyaṁ kāmabhogÄ« dhammādhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasenapi asāhasenapi, dhammādhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasenapi asāhasenapi na attānaṁ sukheti, na pīṇeti, na saṁvibhajati, na puƱƱāni karoti. Now, consider the pleasure seeker who seeks wealth using means both legitimate and illegitimate, and coercive and non-coercive, and who doesn’t make themselves happy and pleased, or share it and make merit.

Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogÄ« ekena į¹­hānena pāsaṁso, tÄ«hi į¹­hānehi gārayho. They may be praised on one ground, and criticized on three.

Katamena ekena ṭhānena pāsaṁso? What is the one ground for praise?

Dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasenāti, iminā ekena ṭhānena pāsaṁso. They seek wealth using legitimate, non-coercive means. This is the one ground for praise.

Katamehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayho? What are the three grounds for criticism?

Adhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasenāti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena gārayho. They seek wealth using illegitimate, coercive means. This is the first ground for criticism.

Na attānaṁ sukheti, na pīṇetÄ«ti, iminā dutiyena į¹­hānena gārayho. They don’t make themselves happy and pleased. This is the second ground for criticism.

Na saṁvibhajati, na puƱƱāni karotÄ«ti, iminā tatiyena į¹­hānena gārayho. They don’t share it and make merit. This is the third ground for criticism.

Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogÄ« iminā ekena į¹­hānena pāsaṁso, imehi tÄ«hi į¹­hānehi gārayho. This pleasure seeker may be praised on this one ground, and criticized on these three.

Tatra, gāmaṇi, yvāyaṁ kāmabhogÄ« dhammādhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasenapi asāhasenapi, dhammādhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasenapi asāhasenapi attānaṁ sukheti pīṇeti, na saṁvibhajati, na puƱƱāni karoti. Now, consider the pleasure seeker who seeks wealth using means both legitimate and illegitimate, and coercive and non-coercive, and makes themselves happy and pleased, but doesn’t share it and make merit.

Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogÄ« dvÄ«hi į¹­hānehi pāsaṁso, dvÄ«hi į¹­hānehi gārayho. They may be praised on two grounds, and criticized on two.

Katamehi dvīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṁso? What are the two grounds for praise?

Dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasenāti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena pāsaṁso. They seek wealth using legitimate, non-coercive means. This is the first ground for praise.

Attānaṁ sukheti pīṇetÄ«ti, iminā dutiyena į¹­hānena pāsaṁso. They make themselves happy and pleased. This is the second ground for praise.

Katamehi dvīhi ṭhānehi gārayho? What are the two grounds for criticism?

Adhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasenāti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena gārayho. They seek wealth using illegitimate, coercive means. This is the first ground for criticism.

Na saṁvibhajati, na puƱƱāni karotÄ«ti, iminā dutiyena į¹­hānena gārayho. They don’t share it and make merit. This is the second ground for criticism.

Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogÄ« imehi dvÄ«hi į¹­hānehi pāsaṁso, imehi dvÄ«hi į¹­hānehi gārayho. This pleasure seeker may be praised on these two grounds, and criticized on these two.

Tatra, gāmaṇi, yvāyaṁ kāmabhogÄ« dhammādhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasenapi asāhasenapi, dhammādhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasenapi asāhasenapi attānaṁ sukheti pīṇeti saṁvibhajati puƱƱāni karoti. Now, consider the pleasure seeker who seeks wealth using means both legitimate and illegitimate, and coercive and non-coercive, and who makes themselves happy and pleased, and shares it and makes merit.

Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogÄ« tÄ«hi į¹­hānehi pāsaṁso, ekena į¹­hānena gārayho. They may be praised on three grounds, and criticized on one.

Katamehi tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṁso? What are the three grounds for praise?

Dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasenāti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena pāsaṁso. They seek wealth using legitimate, non-coercive means. This is the first ground for praise.

Attānaṁ sukheti pīṇetÄ«ti, iminā dutiyena į¹­hānena pāsaṁso. They make themselves happy and pleased. This is the second ground for praise.

Saṁvibhajati puññāni karotīti, iminā tatiyena ṭhānena pāsaṁso. They share it and make merit. This is the third ground for praise.

Katamena ekena ṭhānena gārayho? What is the one ground for criticism?

Adhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasenāti, iminā ekena ṭhānena gārayho. They seek wealth using illegitimate, coercive means. This is the one ground for criticism.

Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogÄ« imehi tÄ«hi į¹­hānehi pāsaṁso, iminā ekena į¹­hānena gārayho. This pleasure seeker may be praised on these three grounds, and criticized on this one.

Tatra, gāmaṇi, yvāyaṁ kāmabhogÄ« dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasena, dhammena bhoge pariyesitvā asāhasena, na attānaṁ sukheti, na pīṇeti, na saṁvibhajati, na puƱƱāni karoti. Now, consider the pleasure seeker who seeks wealth using legitimate, non-coercive means, but who doesn’t make themselves happy and pleased, or share it and make merit.

Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogÄ« ekena į¹­hānena pāsaṁso, dvÄ«hi į¹­hānehi gārayho. They may be praised on one ground, and criticized on two.

Katamena ekena ṭhānena pāsaṁso? What is the one ground for praise?

Dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasenāti, iminā ekena ṭhānena pāsaṁso. They seek wealth using legitimate, non-coercive means. This is the one ground for praise.

Katamehi dvīhi ṭhānehi gārayho? What are the two grounds for criticism?

Na attānaṁ sukheti, na pīṇetÄ«ti, iminā paį¹­hamena į¹­hānena gārayho. They don’t make themselves happy and pleased. This is the first ground for criticism.

Na saṁvibhajati, na puƱƱāni karotÄ«ti, iminā dutiyena į¹­hānena gārayho. They don’t share it and make merit. This is the second ground for criticism.

Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogÄ« iminā ekena į¹­hānena pāsaṁso, imehi dvÄ«hi į¹­hānehi gārayho. This pleasure seeker may be praised on this one ground, and criticized on these two.

Tatra, gāmaṇi, yvāyaṁ kāmabhogÄ« dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasena, dhammena bhoge pariyesitvā asāhasena attānaṁ sukheti pīṇeti, na saṁvibhajati, na puƱƱāni karoti. Now, consider the pleasure seeker who seeks wealth using legitimate, non-coercive means, and who makes themselves happy and pleased, but doesn’t share it and make merit.

Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogÄ« dvÄ«hi į¹­hānehi pāsaṁso, ekena į¹­hānena gārayho. This pleasure seeker may be praised on two grounds, and criticized on one.

Katamehi dvīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṁso? What are the two grounds for praise?

Dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasenāti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena pāsaṁso. They seek wealth using legitimate, non-coercive means. This is the first ground for praise.

Attānaṁ sukheti pīṇetÄ«ti, iminā dutiyena į¹­hānena pāsaṁso. They make themselves happy and pleased. This is the second ground for praise.

Katamena ekena ṭhānena gārayho? What is the one ground for criticism?

Na saṁvibhajati, na puƱƱāni karotÄ«ti, iminā ekena į¹­hānena gārayho. They don’t share it and make merit. This is the one ground for criticism.

Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogÄ« imehi dvÄ«hi į¹­hānehi pāsaṁso, iminā ekena į¹­hānena gārayho. This pleasure seeker may be praised on these two grounds, and criticized on this one.

Tatra, gāmaṇi, yvāyaṁ kāmabhogÄ« dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasena, dhammena bhoge pariyesitvā asāhasena attānaṁ sukheti pīṇeti saṁvibhajati puƱƱāni karoti, te ca bhoge gadhito mucchito ajjhopanno anādÄ«navadassāvÄ« anissaraṇapaƱƱo paribhuƱjati. Now, consider the pleasure seeker who seeks wealth using legitimate, non-coercive means, and who makes themselves happy and pleased, and shares it and makes merit. But they enjoy that wealth tied, infatuated, attached, blind to the drawbacks, and not understanding the escape.

Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogÄ« tÄ«hi į¹­hānehi pāsaṁso, ekena į¹­hānena gārayho. They may be praised on three grounds and criticized on one.

Katamehi tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṁso? What are the three grounds for praise?

Dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasenāti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena pāsaṁso. They seek wealth using legitimate, non-coercive means. This is the first ground for praise.

Attānaṁ sukheti pīṇetÄ«ti, iminā dutiyena į¹­hānena pāsaṁso. They make themselves happy and pleased. This is the second ground for praise.

Saṁvibhajati puññāni karotīti, iminā tatiyena ṭhānena pāsaṁso. They share it and make merit. This is the third ground for praise.

Katamena ekena ṭhānena gārayho? What is the one ground for criticism?

Te ca bhoge gadhito mucchito ajjhopanno anādÄ«navadassāvÄ« anissaraṇapaƱƱo paribhuƱjatÄ«ti, iminā ekena į¹­hānena gārayho. They enjoy that wealth tied, infatuated, attached, blind to the drawbacks, and not understanding the escape. This is the one ground for criticism.

Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogÄ« imehi tÄ«hi į¹­hānehi pāsaṁso, iminā ekena į¹­hānena gārayho. This pleasure seeker may be praised on these three grounds, and criticized on this one.

Tatra, gāmaṇi, yvāyaṁ kāmabhogÄ« dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasena, dhammena bhoge pariyesitvā asāhasena attānaṁ sukheti pīṇeti saṁvibhajati puƱƱāni karoti. Now, consider the pleasure seeker who seeks wealth using legitimate, non-coercive means, and who makes themselves happy and pleased, and shares it and makes merit.

Te ca bhoge agadhito amucchito anajjhopanno ādÄ«navadassāvÄ« nissaraṇapaƱƱo paribhuƱjati. And they enjoy that wealth untied, uninfatuated, unattached, seeing the drawbacks, and understanding the escape.

Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogÄ« catÅ«hi į¹­hānehi pāsaṁso. This pleasure seeker may be praised on four grounds.

Katamehi catūhi ṭhānehi pāsaṁso? What are the four grounds for praise?

Dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasenāti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena pāsaṁso. They seek wealth using legitimate, non-coercive means. This is the first ground for praise.

Attānaṁ sukheti pīṇetÄ«ti, iminā dutiyena į¹­hānena pāsaṁso. They make themselves happy and pleased. This is the second ground for praise.

Saṁvibhajati puññāni karotīti, iminā tatiyena ṭhānena pāsaṁso. They share it and make merit. This is the third ground for praise.

Te ca bhoge agadhito amucchito anajjhopanno ādÄ«navadassāvÄ« nissaraṇapaƱƱo paribhuƱjatÄ«ti, iminā catutthena į¹­hānena pāsaṁso. They enjoy that wealth untied, uninfatuated, unattached, seeing the drawbacks, and understanding the escape. This is the fourth ground for praise.

Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogÄ« imehi catÅ«hi į¹­hānehi pāsaṁso. This pleasure seeker may be praised on these four grounds.

Tayome, gāmaṇi, tapassino lÅ«khajÄ«vino santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmiṁ. These three fervent mortifiers who live rough are found in the world.

Katame tayo? What three?

Idha, gāmaṇi, ekacco tapassÄ« lÅ«khajÄ«vÄ« saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito hoti: Take a fervent mortifier who has gone forth out of faith from the lay life to homelessness, thinking:

ā€˜appeva nāma kusalaṁ dhammaṁ adhigaccheyyaṁ, appeva nāma uttari manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṁ sacchikareyyan’ti. ā€˜Hopefully I will achieve a skillful quality! Hopefully I will realize a superhuman distinction in knowledge and vision worthy of the noble ones!’

So attānaṁ ātāpeti paritāpeti, kusalaƱca dhammaṁ nādhigacchati, uttari ca manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṁ na sacchikaroti. They mortify and torment themselves. But they don’t achieve any skillful quality, or realize any superhuman distinction in knowledge and vision worthy of the noble ones.

Idha pana, gāmaṇi, ekacco tapassÄ« lÅ«khajÄ«vÄ« saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito hoti: Take another fervent mortifier who has gone forth out of faith from the lay life to homelessness, thinking:

ā€˜appeva nāma kusalaṁ dhammaṁ adhigaccheyyaṁ, appeva nāma uttari manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṁ sacchikareyyan’ti. ā€˜Hopefully I will achieve a skillful quality! Hopefully I will realize a superhuman distinction in knowledge and vision worthy of the noble ones!’

So attānaṁ ātāpeti paritāpeti, kusalaƱhi kho dhammaṁ adhigacchati, uttari manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṁ na sacchikaroti. They mortify and torment themselves. And they achieve a skillful quality, but don’t realize any superhuman distinction in knowledge and vision worthy of the noble ones.

Idha pana, gāmaṇi, ekacco tapassÄ« lÅ«khajÄ«vÄ« saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito hoti: Take another fervent mortifier who has gone forth out of faith from the lay life to homelessness, thinking:

ā€˜appeva nāma kusalaṁ dhammaṁ adhigaccheyyaṁ, appeva nāma uttari manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṁ sacchikareyyan’ti. ā€˜Hopefully I will achieve a skillful quality! Hopefully I will realize a superhuman distinction in knowledge and vision worthy of the noble ones!’

So attānaṁ ātāpeti paritāpeti, kusalaƱca dhammaṁ adhigacchati, uttari ca manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṁ sacchikaroti. They mortify and torment themselves. And they achieve a skillful quality, and they realize a superhuman distinction in knowledge and vision worthy of the noble ones.

Tatra, gāmaṇi, yvāyaṁ tapassÄ« lÅ«khajÄ«vÄ« attānaṁ ātāpeti paritāpeti, kusalaƱca dhammaṁ nādhigacchati, uttari ca manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṁ na sacchikaroti. Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, tapassÄ« lÅ«khajÄ«vÄ« tÄ«hi į¹­hānehi gārayho. In this case, the first fervent mortifier may be criticized on three grounds.

Katamehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayho? What three?

Attānaṁ ātāpeti paritāpetīti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena gārayho. They mortify and torment themselves. This is the first ground for criticism.

KusalaƱca dhammaṁ nādhigacchatÄ«ti, iminā dutiyena į¹­hānena gārayho. They don’t achieve a skillful quality. This is the second ground for criticism.

Uttari ca manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṁ na sacchikarotÄ«ti, iminā tatiyena į¹­hānena gārayho. They don’t realize a superhuman distinction in knowledge and vision worthy of the noble ones. This is the third ground for criticism.

Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, tapassÄ« lÅ«khajÄ«vÄ«, imehi tÄ«hi į¹­hānehi gārayho. This fervent mortifier may be criticized on these three grounds.

Tatra, gāmaṇi, yvāyaṁ tapassÄ« lÅ«khajÄ«vÄ« attānaṁ ātāpeti paritāpeti, kusalaƱhi kho dhammaṁ adhigacchati, uttari ca manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṁ na sacchikaroti. In this case, the second fervent mortifier

Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, tapassÄ« lÅ«khajÄ«vÄ« dvÄ«hi į¹­hānehi gārayho, ekena į¹­hānena pāsaṁso. may be criticized on two grounds, and praised on one.

Katamehi dvīhi ṭhānehi gārayho? What are the two grounds for criticism?

Attānaṁ ātāpeti paritāpetīti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena gārayho. They mortify and torment themselves. This is the first ground for criticism.

Uttari ca manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṁ na sacchikarotÄ«ti, iminā dutiyena į¹­hānena gārayho. They don’t realize a superhuman distinction in knowledge and vision worthy of the noble ones. This is the second ground for criticism.

Katamena ekena ṭhānena pāsaṁso? What is the one ground for praise?

Kusalañhi kho dhammaṁ adhigacchatīti, iminā ekena ṭhānena pāsaṁso. They achieve a skillful quality. This is the one ground for praise.

Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, tapassÄ« lÅ«khajÄ«vÄ« imehi dvÄ«hi į¹­hānehi gārayho, iminā ekena į¹­hānena pāsaṁso. This fervent mortifier may be criticized on these two grounds, and praised on one.

Tatra, gāmaṇi, yvāyaṁ tapassÄ« lÅ«khajÄ«vÄ« attānaṁ ātāpeti paritāpeti, kusalaƱca dhammaṁ adhigacchati, uttari ca manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṁ sacchikaroti. Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, tapassÄ« lÅ«khajÄ«vÄ« ekena į¹­hānena gārayho, dvÄ«hi į¹­hānehi pāsaṁso. In this case, the third fervent mortifier may be criticized on one ground, and praised on two.

Katamena ekena ṭhānena gārayho? What is the one ground for criticism?

Attānaṁ ātāpeti paritāpetīti, iminā ekena ṭhānena gārayho. They mortify and torment themselves. This is the one ground for criticism.

Katamehi dvīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṁso? What are the two grounds for praise?

Kusalañca dhammaṁ adhigacchatīti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena pāsaṁso. They achieve a skillful quality. This is the first ground for praise.

Uttari ca manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṁ sacchikarotÄ«ti, iminā dutiyena į¹­hānena pāsaṁso. They realize a superhuman distinction in knowledge and vision worthy of the noble ones. This is the second ground for praise.

Ayaṁ, gāmaṇi, tapassÄ« lÅ«khajÄ«vÄ« iminā ekena į¹­hānena gārayho, imehi dvÄ«hi į¹­hānehi pāsaṁso. This fervent mortifier may be criticized on this one ground, and praised on two.

Tisso imā, gāmaṇi, sandiį¹­į¹­hikā nijjarā akālikā ehipassikā opaneyyikā paccattaṁ veditabbā viññūhi. There are these three kinds of wearing away that are apparent in the present life, immediately effective, inviting inspection, relevant, so that sensible people can know them for themselves.

Katamā tisso? What three?

Yaṁ ratto rāgādhikaraṇaṁ attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti. A greedy person, because of greed, intends to hurt themselves, hurt others, and hurt both.

Rāge pahÄ«ne nevattabyābādhāya ceteti, na parabyābādhāya ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāya ceteti. When they’ve given up greed they don’t have such intentions.

Sandiṭṭhikā nijjarā akālikā ehipassikā opaneyyikā paccattaṁ veditabbā viññūhi. This wearing away is apparent in the present life, immediately effective, inviting inspection, relevant, so that sensible people can know it for themselves.

Yaṁ duį¹­į¹­ho dosādhikaraṇaṁ attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti. A hateful person, because of hate, intends to hurt themselves, hurt others, and hurt both.

Dose pahÄ«ne nevattabyābādhāya ceteti, na parabyābādhāya ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāya ceteti. When they’ve given up hate they don’t have such intentions.

Sandiṭṭhikā nijjarā akālikā ehipassikā opaneyyikā paccattaṁ veditabbā viññūhi. This wearing away is apparent in the present life, immediately effective, inviting inspection, relevant, so that sensible people can know it for themselves.

Yaṁ mūḷho mohādhikaraṇaṁ attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti. A deluded person, because of delusion, intends to hurt themselves, hurt others, and hurt both.

Mohe pahÄ«ne nevattabyābādhāya ceteti, na parabyābādhāya ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāya ceteti. When they’ve given up delusion they don’t have such intentions.

Sandiṭṭhikā nijjarā akālikā ehipassikā opaneyyikā paccattaṁ veditabbā viññūhi. This wearing away is apparent in the present life, immediately effective, inviting inspection, relevant, so that sensible people can know it for themselves.

Imā kho, gāmaṇi, tisso sandiį¹­į¹­hikā nijjarā akālikā ehipassikā opaneyyikā paccattaṁ veditabbā viññūhÄ«ā€ti. These are the three kinds of wearing away that are apparent in the present life, immediately effective, inviting inspection, relevant, so that sensible people can know them for themselves.ā€

Evaṁ vutte, rāsiyo gāmaṇi bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: When he said this, Rāsiya the chief said to the Buddha,

ā€œabhikkantaṁ, bhante …pe… ā€œExcellent, sir! Excellent! …

upāsakaṁ maṁ bhagavā dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṁ saraṇaṁ gatanā€ti. From this day forth, may the Buddha remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.ā€

Dvādasamaṁ.
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