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MilindapaƱha Milinda’s Questions

Arūpadhammavavatthānavagga Analysis of Formless Dhammas Chapter

15. ViññāṇanānatthapaƱha Question on the Distinction of Consciousness

Rājā āha—The king asked,

ā€œbhante nāgasena, ā€˜viññāṇan’ti vā ā€˜paññā’ti vā ā€˜bhÅ«tasmiṁ jÄ«vo’ti vā ime dhammā nānatthā ceva nānābyaƱjanā ca, udāhu ekatthā byaƱjanameva nānanā€ti? ā€œVenerable Nāgasena, when it is said ā€˜consciousness’ or ā€˜wisdom’ or ā€˜the life principle in a being’, are these things distinct from each other in actuality, or only in name?ā€

ā€œVijānanalakkhaṇaṁ, mahārāja, viññāṇaṁ, pajānanalakkhaṇā paƱƱā, bhÅ«tasmiṁ jÄ«vo nupalabbhatÄ«ā€ti. ā€œDiscrimination, your majesty, is a distinguishing characteristic of consciousness, discernment is a distinguishing characteristic of wisdom, and the life principle in a being cannot be found.ā€

ā€œYadi jÄ«vo nupalabbhati, atha ko carahi cakkhunā rÅ«paṁ passati, sotena saddaṁ suṇāti, ghānena gandhaṁ ghāyati, jivhāya rasaṁ sāyati, kāyena phoį¹­į¹­habbaṁ phusati, manasā dhammaṁ vijānātÄ«ā€ti? ā€œIf the life principle in a being cannot be found, then how is it that one sees form with the eyes, hears sound with the ears, smells scent with the nose, tastes flavor with the tongue, experiences touch with the body, and knows thought with the mind?ā€

Thero āha—The elder said,

ā€œyadi jÄ«vo cakkhunā rÅ«paṁ passati …pe… manasā dhammaṁ vijānāti, so jÄ«vo cakkhudvāresu uppāṭitesu mahantena ākāsena bahimukho suį¹­į¹­hutaraṁ rÅ«paṁ passeyya, sotesu uppāṭitesu, ghāne uppāṭite, jivhāya uppāṭitāya, kāye uppāṭite mahantena ākāsena suį¹­į¹­hutaraṁ saddaṁ suṇeyya, gandhaṁ ghāyeyya, rasaṁ sāyeyya, phoį¹­į¹­habbaṁ phuseyyÄā€ti? ā€œIf the life principle sees form with the eyes, … and knows thought with the mind, then when the doors of the eyes are destroyed would not the life principle see form more clearly out there before it in the great space? When the ears, the nose, the tongue and the body are all destroyed, would it not hear sound, smell scent, taste flavor, experience touch more clearly in the great space?ā€

ā€œNa hi, bhanteā€ti. ā€œCertainly not, venerable sir.ā€

ā€œTena hi, mahārāja, bhÅ«tasmiṁ jÄ«vo nupalabbhatÄ«ā€ti. ā€œWell then, your majesty, the life principle in a being cannot be found.ā€

ā€œKallosi, bhante nāgasenÄā€ti. ā€œYou are clever, venerable Nāgasena.ā€

ViññāṇanānatthapaƱho pannarasamo. Question on the Distinction of Consciousness fifteenth
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